Abstract
Limited information on the yield and quality of fodder, fuelwood, and food crops of post-taungya teak plantation systems often hinders further development. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the yield and quality of fodder, fuelwood, and food crops under teak stands in three-strata agroforestry of post-taungya plantation systems. Fodder and fuelwood species (Calliandra calothyrsus) and food crops (Canna edulis) were planted in a split-plot design. Main plots consisted of teak at three ages and Relative Light Intensities (RLI), namely four years (RLI: 49.87 ± 28.74%), 11 years (31.25 ± 22.89%), and 16 years (26.77 ± 25.98%). Subplots included border trees, alley cropping, and alternate rows agroforestry planting models, with monoculture in an open field as a control. Evaluations covered fodder (yield, protein, tannin), fuelwood (biomass, caloric value, moisture), and tubers (yield, starch, protein, flavonoid). Fodder yield under four-year-old teak (132.50–137.25 g plant⁻¹) was comparable to the control (161.78 g plant⁻¹) but declined in 11- and 16-year-old stands (69.38–93.75 and 84.88–92.00 g plant⁻¹). Fuelwood biomass showed a similar pattern (101.00–112.25 vs. 137.11 g plant⁻¹ in young teak; 38.50–84.22 g plant⁻¹ in older stands). Only tuber yield in the alternate-rows model (288.57 g plant⁻¹) matched the control (296.12 g plant⁻¹). In three agroforestry models, fodder protein increased under four-year-old teak (31.01–42.00%), while tannin decreased in four- and 11-year-old stands (20.05–34.66%). Fuelwood caloric value rose slightly in border trees under 16-year-old teak (2.30%), whereas water content decreased under 11-year-old teak (52.23–77.07%). Tuber starch increased with teak age (2.9–22.32%), protein rose under four-year-old teak (32.26–50.00%), and flavonoids tended to decline (3.83–11.28%). Three-strata agroforestry was more productive than monoculture (LER > 1.0), enhancing fodder and tuber (starch and protein) quality while maintaining fuelwood quality. Yield reductions under older teak stands indicate that maintaining adequate light penetration through selective thinning and pruning can help sustain understory productivity.
SDGs:
SDG 2:Zero Hunger
SDG 15:Life on Land
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