
Abstract
The Seed Production Area (SPA) of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) in East Nusa Tenggara is Indonesia’s sole designated site for sandalwood seed production. It was established 32 years ago using trees from six provenances on Timor Island. The SPA supports regional economies and ecological protection by producing high-quality seeds for commercially valuable trees and species conservation. Despite annual seed collection, information on reproductive status,







