Abstract
The optimization of land use under teak (Tectona grandis) stands in post taungya system canbe enhanced by planting understory crops in a kind of three-strata agroforestry systems.Despite the potential, there is limited information on growth, morphophysiological adaptability,production, and phenotypic plasticity of the crops. this study aims to assess growth,morphophysiological adaptation, biomass production, and phenotypic plasticity of Calliandracalothyrsus and Canna edulis under varying ages of teak stand in three-strata agroforestrysystems. the study was carried out using a split-plot design. the main plot was teak standsof three different ages, each with varying Relative light intensity (Rli) levels: 4-year old teak(Rli 49.87 ± 28.74%), 11-year old teak (Rli 31.25 ± 22.89%), and 16-year old teak (Rli26.77 ± 25.98%). subplots consisted of three planting patterns, including border trees, alleycropping, and alternate rows. control plots were also established, where both crops weregrown as monocultures on open area. Plant characteristics included height (cm), number ofleaves, morphophysiological (chlorophyll content [g/ml], stomata density [mm2], leaf area[cm2]), and biomass production (g). the results showed that there was an increase in theheight of C. calothyrsus and C. edulis under 4-year old teak, while there were no changes innumber of leaves. Morphophysiological adaptation was shown by higher chlorophyll content,lower stomata, and similar leaf area. in the three-strata agroforestry system, both cropsimproved growth, maintained leaf morphophysiology, and sustained biomass productionunder the 4-year old teak. the results also showed that C. calothyrsus production wasoptimized with the three planting patterns under 4-year old teak, and only with alley croppingunder 11-year and 16-year old teak. For C. edulis tuber production, border trees wasrecommended for all teak ages. Phenotypic plasticity index of C. calothyrsus (0.60) andC. edulis (0.63) indicated a shade semi-tolerant, showing the need for thinning and pruning ofthe 11-year and 16-year old teak stands for a more effective post taungya land use system.
SDGs:
SDG 13:Climate Action
SDG 15:Life on Land
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