
Abstract
Understanding drought propagation is essential for effective water resource management. This study employs an innovative approach to examine the transition from meteorological drought (MD) to hydrological drought (HD) in the Upper Nan Watershed (UNW), Thailand, using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized streamflow index (SSI). Cross-wavelet transform (XWT) and Pearson’s correlation analyses reveal a significant positive








